The Angolan Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in Angolan society and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA with UNITA during the war for independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.With the assistance of Cuban soldiers and Soviet support, the MPLA managed to win the initial phase of conventional fighting, oust the FNLA from Luanda and become the de facto Angolan government.The FNLA disintegrated, but the U.S. and South Africa-backed UNITA continued its irregular warfare against the MPLA-government from its base in the east and south of the country.
The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994 and from 1998 to 2002 – with fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced.The war devastated Angola's infrastructure and severely damaged public administration, the economy and religious institutions.
The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and the exceptional degree of foreign military and political involvement. The war is widely considered a Cold War proxy conflict, as the Soviet Union and the United States, with their respective allies, provided assistance to the opposing factions. The conflict became closely intertwined with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo and the South African Border War. Land mines still litter the countryside and contribute to the ongoing civilian casualties.
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In this assignment, you will take on the personality of an archeologist that is on the brink of discovering an Ancient Egyptian tomb. Your job is to write a journal entry from the archeologist's perspective. In this journal, you will need to describe what you experienced as you are discovering the tomb (be sure to vividly describe the sights, sounds, smells, etc). In addition, you will need to explain which Pharaoh is in the tomb and describe at least 3 other things you found within the tomb. Your journal entry should be at least 200 words in length. Please guys help
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The main unintended consquence of the policy of glasnot (which means "transparency" in Russian) was that it led to criticism from the nations of the Soviet Union, towards the central leadership in Moscow.
Leaders in the Baltics, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Ukraine, and Belarus began to criticize the soviet leadership in Moscow. In these "peripheral nations", people felt that the central government was pro Russia, or that they were essentially russian colonies.
These criticisms devolved into full blown rebellions, which led to the break up of the Soviet Union by 1991.
