The Articles of Confederation was the initial document that was set up which formed the US government. It served as a constitution for the time before the actual Constitution was drafted. It gave the central government little power as there wasn't a real executive authority established in it.
Andrew Jackson: He was opposed to the Old appointment system and began what became known as the "Spoils System."
The 1948 edition of Index Librorum Prohibitorum is included in the "Beacon for Freedom of Expression" data base. The first edition of Index Librorum Prohibitorum was published in 1559, and subsequently published in 19 editions by different popes through the centuries. The last edition was published in 1948, only to be suppressed in 1966.