Canon law is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
The treaty of Versailles forced Germany to <u>accept responsibility for the World War I</u> (1914-18).
Germany agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, because it had no other option at the moment, but it demanded terms that outlined severe economic consequences for them.
The treaty forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war, meaning that Germany admitted having been the aggressor one and consequently, it was demanded to pay for the losses and damage caused to the victorious Allies.
Along with these terms, Germany also had to cede the territories they had obtained during the war, which reduced its population and territory by about 10 percent; his army had to be restricted to 100,000 men, and had to eliminate the general staff, the manufacture of armored cars, tanks, submarines, airplanes, and poison gas was, etc. All of this to prevent that they never again pose a military threat to the rest of Europe.
<span>If you mean the first one, corruption was one reason. The Chinese navy and military were incredibly corrupt (as was the government) -- funds meant to buy ships and ammunition were often embezzled by officers for other uses.
</span><span>Pay in the army was low, morale was low, compared to the Japanese military which was also modernized but based on Western principles and proven tactics. </span>
