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When using a microscope, generally magnification is higher and a ruler will not work unless you are using a very low power stereo microscope. When using a compound high power microscope an eyepiece reticle is used to make measurements.
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Ribosomes make up the proteins within the cell.
The four factors that affect evolution are mutations, natural selection, genetic drift and the gene flow, In the case, if the ground finches that Grants studied, we can observe the working of the natural selection. Due to change in the conditions in the environment, the large beak was an advantageous trait that was favored by the natural selection. The result of this process was an increase in numbers of large beaked finches and decrease in small-beaked finches compared to the initial numbers in the population.
