Watershed is probabley the answer you are looking for
Religious and ethnical problems.
It was one of the largest empires of the world with many different ethnicities. The problem was to unite people under one rule.
Another problem was communication. It was hard to transfer knowledge and news to all parts of the empire because it was too large.
I would say site because they need to know what place they are talking about.Hope this helps :)
A. The government completely lost control of its territory.
that would be a primary source because it actually is his hat not a replica. a primary source is a firsthand, or the excerpt of someone who was actually there.