Edward Tolman's is the correct answer.
Edward Tolman was an American psychologist and a famous professor who made contributions to the Psychology studies. Through a serie of researches with rats, Edward Tolman was able to develop the Latent Learning in both animals and humans. He argued that people are constantly learning even when they don't make great effort to it. When we drive or walk the same route home everyday, we learn the location of different buildings, places, and objects. If, for some reason, we're unable of taking the route we're used to take, we will have no problem finding a different one to get home.
I think the word you're looking for is "hypothesis".
For example, a hypothesis could be "dogs drink more often when owners are present".
And then this can be proven (or dis-proven) by an observation (or in this case rather: measurement).
Answer:
Affidavit (assuming the exercise has the same question twice).
Explanation:
As the exercise suggests, an affidavit is a sworn statement, made under oath, before the appropiate magistrate or officer. In other words, is a some kind of authorization for certain processes. In this case, the prosecuting attorney is asking for an affidavit in order to support the search warrant.
