Answer: Externalities are side effects (good or bad) that occur when a person or a company performs an activity and does not assume all the costs of it, or all the benefits that could be reported. In this way we can distinguish:
Negative externality: Arises when not all the costs of a negative effects are assumed. In these cases, a social cost is generated, since it is the whole society that suffers the consequences of its actions. And the market price does not collect this cost.
Positive externality: Arises from a positive effect that is not reported as a benefit. An example of positive externality that we can mention is scientific research, from which society in general benefits. In these cases, market place do not reflect the real benefits.
Answer:
survival intelligence and adaptation to the wild circumstances
Explanation:
<span>The biggest problem is that </span>the type of the autoshaped reaction fluctuates with the sort of reinforcer that is utilized.Autoshaping some of the time called "sign tracking" is any of an assortment of exploratory methodology used to traditional conditioning. In the methodology a reinforcer is matched with a stimulus that is independent of the subjects conduct until the subject makes a reaction to the stimulus.
Answer:
top-down processing
Explanation:
Top-down processing is cognitive thinking processing when we used general knowledge, experience and information to perceive the specific situation. In top down its means we thinking from generalities and way toward specific.
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