Answer:
In contrast, a confederation is a group of sovereign states united by common interests. A confederation is headed by a central governing body elected by the member states. In a federation, authority and power is lawfully divided between the federal government and its member states by its constitution
Explanation:
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The bullwhip effect can be explained as an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance then the sales to the end customer. These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain. This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations.
CAUSES
There are many factors said to cause or contribute to the bullwhip effect in supply chains; the following list names a few:
1. Disorganization between each supply chain link; with ordering larger or smaller amounts of a product than is needed due to an over or under reaction to the supply chain beforehand.
2. Lack of communication between each link in the supply chain makes it difficult for processes to run smoothly. Managers can perceive a product demand quite differently within different links of the supply chain and therefore order different quantities.
3. Free return policies; customers may intentionally overstate demands due to shortages and then cancel when the supply becomes adequate again, without return forfeit retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders; resulting in excess material.
4. Order batching; companies may not immediately place an order with their supplier; often accumulating the demand first. Companies may order weekly or even monthly. This creates variability in the demand as there may for instance be a surge in demand at some stage followed by no demand after.
6. Price variations – special discounts and other cost changes can upset regular buying patterns; buyers want to take advantage on discounts offered during a short time period, this can cause uneven production and distorted demand information.
7. Demand information – relying on past demand information to estimate current demand information of a product does not take into account any fluctuations that may occur in demand over a period of time.
The Purchase orders would be an appropriate cost driver for the purchasing activity cost pool.
A purchase order, which specifies kinds, quantities, and agreed-upon pricing for goods or services, is a business document and the first formal offer made by a buyer to a supplier. It is employed to regulate the acquisition of goods and services from outside providers.
An element that generates or influences an activity's cost is known as a cost driver. It is the main reason that a certain expenditure happened. Customers, products, and manufacturing channels all use resources, but activities use resources. The idea of cost allocation utilising cost drivers is fundamentally based on an understanding of this.
The complete question is:
Which would be an appropriate cost driver for the purchasing activity cost pool?
A) Purchase orders
B) Machine setups
C) Machine hours
D) Inspections
To learn more purchase order, refer
brainly.com/question/14394210
#SPJ4
Answer: System evaluation
Explanation:
System development life cycle persist system evaluation mechanism in which generated system is evaluated and accessed. This mechanism is followed in different phases of this cycle to keep it up-to date.
- Assessment of proper operation, management ,costing of functions,costing of tools and other equipment involved in system.
- It also monitors consistency,flow, workings, intended output etc.
