Under the term Northern Europe, we usually refer to the Scandinavian countries and Finland. All of the countries in this region are very cold, and the most suitable parts of them for human settlements and development are alongside the coastline. This is due to the influence of the Gulf Current that is warming up the coastal parts, sot he climate is better compared to the interior parts.
So Denmark has its population all over the country, but that is because it is relatively small and all of it is influenced by the sea, Norway's population is alongside the western coast and southern part, Sweden's and Finland's populations are in general on their southern coasts, and Iceland's population is in general in its capital which is on the coast.
Northern Europe has a small population when compared to global standards. This is both due to social reasons, as well as environmental ones. The weather in Northern Europe can be quite cold and harsh, which makes activities such as agriculture difficult, and has historically limited its growth. Because of these constraints, the majority of the population in Northern Europe live along the coastline, where the weather is more temperate due to the ocean currents that originate in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Cenozoic period began with the 65 million years ago and continuous till today and is composed of the modern-day inhabitants and is also known as the age of mammals and these were as the hornless rhinos and flight less dinosaurs.
