Answer:
Hyphae: Cell filaments,mostly septate
Mycelium: Mass of hyphae
Molds: mostly filamentous, Yeasts: non-filamentous,unicellular fungi
Budding yeasts divide asymmetrically.
Dimorphic fungi: yeast-like at 37°C, mold-like at 25°C.
Fungal spores are reproductive spores (unlike bacterial spores). Used to differentiate fungi.
Growth in acidic, low-moisture, high osmotic pressure environments.
The thallus (body) of a mold or fleshy fungus consists of long filaments of cells joined together; these filaments are called hyphae. Hyphae can grow to immense proportions. The hyphae of a single fungus in Oregon extend across 3.5 miles.
In most molds, the hyphae contain cross-walls called septa (singular: septum), which divide them into distinct, uninucleate (one-nucleus) cell-like units. These hyphae are called septate hyphae. In a few classes of fungi, the hyphae contain no septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei. These are called coenocytic hyphae. Even in fungi with septate hyphae, there are usually openings in the septa that make the cytoplasm of adjacent "cells" continuous; these fungi are actually coenocytic organisms, too.
Mycelium a mass of long filaments of cells that bring and intertwine, typically found in molds.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Fermentation is a type of chemical process which enables heterotrophs to obtain energy without oxygen . Heterotrophs uses procedure of fermentatation to cultivate because in process of fermentation enzymes are the catalysts and they provide energy to heterotrophs
"Inorganic material" is that matter which helps plant to complete the cycle and it's provided by decomposers 'cause they break down dead matters into it.
Hope this helps!
