Answer:
Explanati1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state
2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.
3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.
4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie
5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI
6. Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.
Thriving cities of the Italian Renaissance included all of the following except Naples.
Hope this helps,
Davinia.
The stock market crash caused the economy to fall into a depression. During this depression many people were unemployed and even homeless.
Like other nations born in anti-colonial revolutions, the United States faced the challenge of building a sound economy, preserving national independence, and creating a stable political system which provided a legitimate place for opposition. In 1790, it was not at all obvious that the Union would long survive.
At the time of the Boston Massacre, John Adams was a patriot grieving the loss of a child with a new baby on the way. The Boston Massacre, in which British redcoats killed five American civilians. Prisma/UIG/Getty Images. Adams defended the British officer Thomas Preston and his soldiers in two separate trials.
