The three observations that could help an individual in distinguising whether the organism is a fish or not is that it should live under water as fish can't survive without water, another thing is that it should laid eggs when it comes to giving birth because when it does not lay eggs but produces a living organism normally without an egg, it is considered to be a mammal and lastly, the appearance it possess such as having gils or fins.
Reactions that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bonds split the DNA molecule between the phosphate groups and the hydroxyl groups of the two sugar groups.
In DNA there is a covalent bond through a phosphate group that connects the hydroxyl group (OH) at the 5' position of the pentose sugar and the hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide. This covalent bond is called a phosphodiester bond because chemically the phosphate group is in the diester form.
In other words, the phosphodiester bond connects the sugar in one nucleotide to the sugar in the next nucleotide, so this bond simultaneously connects the two consecutive nucleotides to form a polynucleotide chain. If there is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of covalent bonds that combine nucleotides, what happens is that the phosphodiester link between deoxyribose sugars will break.
Learn more about the phosphodiester bonds at brainly.com/question/23660733
#SPJ4
The fossils that provide information on the formation of an oxygen-rich atmosphere are the stromatilites from the Precambrian era. These are layered and columnar fossils consisting mainly of cyanobacteria which were the original life form back then. These bacteria took in carbon dioxide and produced oxygen by photosynthesis as early as 2.5 billion years ago (the earth is about 4.5 billion yrs old).
What pair of integers? You haven't provided any.
Answer:To begin with, initial transcription components include DNA, RNA polymerase core enzyme, and the σ subunit. Translation components include mRNA, small and large ribosomal subunits, initiation factors, elongation factors and tRNA.
Explanation:
