It means that value is not counted. it’s there but you don’t include it
Answer:
80% 0.8
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the percentage out of a fraction you would divide 4÷5 to get 0.8, the decimal answer, then to turn that to a percent you would move the point two places to the right to get 80%.

We want to find
such that
. This means



Integrating both sides of the latter equation with respect to
tells us

and differentiating with respect to
gives

Integrating both sides with respect to
gives

Then

and differentiating both sides with respect to
gives

So the scalar potential function is

By the fundamental theorem of calculus, the work done by
along any path depends only on the endpoints of that path. In particular, the work done over the line segment (call it
) in part (a) is

and
does the same amount of work over both of the other paths.
In part (b), I don't know what is meant by "df/dt for F"...
In part (c), you're asked to find the work over the 2 parts (call them
and
) of the given path. Using the fundamental theorem makes this trivial:


Answer is a sphere (ball shape)
Answer:
2.5, -1.25, 0.625
Step-by-step explanation: