The limits on the powers of Congress are as follows:
1. The Congress is not allowed to pass laws post ex facto which means that the law cannot prosecute people for a something that was not considered a crime before.
2. Congress is denied the ability to pass bills of attainder meaning they are not allowed to prosecute criminals in special tribunals but only in regular court trials.
3. The Congress cannot suspend the writ of habeas corpus means that the Congress cannot deny the right of the criminals to stand before a judge and learn the charges they face that enables them to defend themselves.
False
In the 1600s Portugal posed a threat to Spains control of the borderlands
The 5th Amendment states that "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation"
This is important as it means that, amongst other things, the Government can't make you provide testimony against yourself.
For instance, in Rochin v. California, the Supreme Court held that cops couldn't beat you until you vomited up the drugs you swallowed to hide from the cops. They ruled that the police officers violated the suspect's 5th amendment rights.
