Answer:
British philosopher George Berkeley believed in immaterialism, which rejects the existence of physical matter and considers that material objects are only ideas of those who perceive them. In the quotation, he believes that it is impossible to know whether there are things outside the mind. In that matter, he maintains that there exists the same evidence now for thinking that there are things outside the mind, and that same evidence would also exist if there were no things outside the mind.
According to Dickens's description, Scrooge is cold through and through. No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him. Dickens uses pathetic fallacy to represent Scrooge's nature. ... Scrooge is stingy with his money and will not even allow his clerk Bob Cratchit to have a decent fire to warm him on Christmas Eve
The adverb profoundly means something similar to “extremely,” with the additional sense that it's something intense and deeply felt. If you're profoundly confused, you're very confused — confused in a way that seems bottomless. The word can also describe something that affects you greatly.
