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The concept predates the term; Plato suggested applying the principles of selective breeding to humans around 400 BC. Early advocates of eugenics in the 19th century regarded it as a way of improving groups of people. In modern usage, the term eugenics has close ties to scientific racism and white supremacism.
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1. D. Time frame in which microbial population of 5,600,000 cells would decrease to 560,000 cells.
2. Disinfection
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Scarcity factor implies that shortages of goods & services. Price of commodities depends upon scarcity factors.
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The natural barriers include biochemical, physical, and mechanical, as well as inflammation of the body.
Natural barriers and the immune system defend the body against the species that leads to infection. The natural barriers include the mucous membranes, skin, earwax, tears, stomach acid, and mucus. Also, the usual flow of urine washes out the microbes, which enter the urinary tract.
Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol. The phosphate group is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The fatty acid chains are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic.