Answer:
The correct answer is: d. REs activity is best preserved by freezing the RE and thawing it out for brief periods of time as needed.
Explanation:
- Restriction enzymes can be defined as endonucleases that can recognize specific nucleotide sequence in a DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence and cause breakage of phosphodiester bond in the DNA at the target site. Hence, it has the capacity of cleaving a DNA sequence.
- These are made up of proteins which are required to be present in the accurately folded conformation in order to function.
- Any form of alteration in the three-dimensional structure of the protein induced due to physical, chemical, mechanical or physiological factors can cause denaturation of the protein which in turn can render the protein non-functional.
- Freezing of restriction enzymes (REs) directly without the use of glycerol will cause the movement of water molecules within the proteins as well layering of water molecules on the protein surface.
- At low temperature these water molecules change to ice crystals which can alter the conformation of the protein or can cause breakage of peptide bonds in the proteins by physical force.
- This can cause the protein to get denatured and hence non-functional.
- Hence, it is never advisable to preserve REs by freezing directly without glycerol.
- Glycerol forms a layer around the protein molecules and prevents the protein molecules from coming into direct contact with the water molecules and hence prevents protein denaturation.
That would be temperature. (:
Hope this helps!
Mitosis, a procedure of cell duplication, or multiplication, amid which one cell offers ascend to two hereditarily indistinguishable girl cells. Carefully connected, the term mitosis is utilized to depict the duplication and dissemination of chromosomes, the structures that convey the hereditary data.
A concise treatment of mitosis pursues. For a full treatment, see development: In cells; cell: Mitosis and cytokinesis.
Preceding the beginning of mitosis, the chromosomes have imitated and the proteins that will frame the mitotic axle have been incorporated. Mitosis starts at prophase with the thickening and curling of the chromosomes. The nucleolus, an adjusted structure, shrivels and vanishes. The finish of prophase is set apart by the start of the association of a gathering of strands to frame a shaft and the breaking down of the atomic layer.
The chromosomes, every one of which is a twofold structure comprising of copy chromatids, line up along the midline of the cell at metaphase. In anaphase every chromatid pair isolates into two indistinguishable chromosomes that are destroyed to inverse closures of the cell by the shaft strands. Amid telophase, the chromosomes start to decondense, the axle separates, and the atomic films and nucleoli re-structure. The cytoplasm of the mother cell partitions to frame two girl cells, each containing indistinguishable number and sort of chromosomes from the mother cell. The stage, or stage, after the consummation of mitosis is called interphase.
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In 2016, a rare transit of Mercury happened, where the planet crossed the face of the sun. Mercury's transit may have yielded secrets about its thin atmosphere, assisted in the hunt for worlds around other stars, and helped NASA hone some of its instruments.