Answer:
Explanation:
1. Some of the operational and behavioral benefits that are generally attributed to a participatory budgeting process are as follows:
a) Utilization of the best knowledge of activities in a specific area, because the participants are close to daily operations.
b) Goals that are more realistic and acceptable.
c) Improved communication and group cohesiveness.
d) A sense of commitment and willingness to be held accountable for the budget.
2. Four deficiencies in Patricia Eklund’s participatory policy for planning and performance evaluation, along with recommendations of how the deficiencies can be corrected:
Deficiencies Recommendations The setting of constraints on fixed expenditures includes uncontrollable fixed costs, thereby mitigating the positive effects of participatory budgeting. Rewards should be based on meeting budget and/or organizational goals or objectives. The arbitrary revision of approved budgets defeats the participatory process. The contingency budget should be separate, over and above each department’s srcinal submission. The division manager holds back a percentage of each budget for discretionary use. Managers should be involved in the revision of budgets. Managers could submit a budget with programs at different levels of funding. Evaluation based on budget performance must be accompanied with intrinsic rewards. Divisional constraints could be at a budget "kick-off meeting;however individual limit of controllable expenses should be set by each manager
Answer:
Option C, corporate-level planning, is the right answer.
Explanation:
Option C, “corporate-level planning” is the correct answer because it is the corporate planning according to which every employee has to work. If the quality of planning is good then the firm will produce higher output with lower operating cost and if the planning is not good or suitable then the firm can increase the productivity but operating cost may go very high. Therefore, option C is right.
Based on the information described above, the structurally unemployed individual is "<u>Jeanette</u>."
This is because <u>structural unemployment</u> is a form of unemployment whereby an individual is experiencing a non-correlation between his skills and the skills required of workers by employing industries.
In Jeanette's case, she has the skills of aircraft design engineering. However, no company is interested in her aircraft design skills. This shows <u>structural unemployment.</u>
Some of the causes of structural unemployment include the following:
- Foreign competition in labor;
- Outsourcing of production aboard;
- Robots replacing humans;
- Labor immobility;
- Reduction in manufacturing industries, etc.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that Jeanette is the <u>structurally unemployed</u> one.
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