Answer: reduced by $80 billion
Explanation:
An expansionary gap is when the actual output is more than the potential output. From the question, we are told that an economy is operating with output $400 billion above its natural level, and fiscal policymakers want to close this expansionary gap and that the central bank agrees to adjust the money supply to hold the interest rate constant, so there is no crowding out.
We are also given the marginal propensity to consume is 4/5, and told that the price level is completely fixed in the short run.
To close the expansionary gap, the government would need to reduce its spending. To solve this, we have to calculate the multiplier. This will be:
Multiplier = 1/(1 - MPC)
= 1/(1 - 4/5)
= 1/1-0.8
= 1/0.2
= 5
Therefore, the government expenditure or spending will be reduced by:
= $400 billion/5
=$80 billion
The different types of diffusions are
Expansion Diffusion
Contagious Diffusion.
Hierarchical Diffusion.
Stimulus Diffusion.
Expansion diffusion is while innovations unfold to new places even as staying sturdy in their original places. For instance, Islam has unfold at some point of the sector, but stayed sturdy in the center East, wherein it became based.
Expansion diffusion happens when the spreading phenomenon has a supply and diffuses outwards into new areas, an instance being a spreading wildfire. Relocation diffusion takes place while the spreading phenomenon migrates into new areas, leaving at the back of its beginning or source of the sickness.
Expansion Diffusion is the spread of a concept through a population wherein the amount of these influences grows continuously large. There are 3 sub-styles of growth diffusion: Stimulus, Hierarchical, and Contagious.
Learn more about Expansion diffusion here: brainly.com/question/7215000
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Selling price = $4.50
Copies sold = $1 million
Fixed costs = $1 million
Unit variable costs = $0.50 per magazine
Sales = $4,500,000
Fixed costs = $1 million
Variable costs = $500,000
Revenue = Sales - fixed costs - variable costs
Revenue = $4,500,000 - $1,000,000 - $500,000
Revenue = $3,000,000
I guess the correct answer is the value of their time and energy.
Some discount stores put products in large bins and let consumers hunt and find bargains. The price these consumers pay includes the value of their time and energy.
