Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Antimicrobial drugs are of limited usefulness because MOST STRAIN OF B. ANTHRACIS ARE RESISTANT TO A WIDE VARIETY OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS. Bacillus anthracis is gram positive bacteria which exists in two forms; vegetable and spores form. It is an agent of bio-warfare because of its ability to kill quickly.
Stromatolites are the sedimentary deposited mounds made of layers of phototrophic microbes which were usually present in the primordial times. The stromatolites are one of the oldest fossils is known today which were formed in the shallow water.
They are composed of the phototrophic bacteria or cyanobacteria which survived and still survive by using the carbon dioxide and sunlight to make food material.
Since the bacteria are the prokaryotic organism therefore, the Option-B is the correct answer.