Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
A sheep with black wool (ww) and brown eyes (Bb) is crossed with a sheep with white wool (WW) and blue eyes (bb).
<h3>wwBb x WWbb</h3>
If there is independent assortment between genes, the genotypes of the first parent's gametes will be wB and wb. The gametes of the second parent can only be Wb.
Hypothesis is a proposed explanation which is made on the basis of given experimental data taken as starting point for further investigation. All hypothesis test are conducted in a same manner fiollowing the four main steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Formulate an analysis plan
3. Analyzing the data obtained
4. Final step is to analyze the results
There are three types of variables taken in an experiment:
2. Dependent Variable: these depends upon the other variable. changes in the independent variable may cause the dependent variable to change, for example, growth of plant is a dependent variable which depends upon the amount of light(independent variable), the plant receives
3. Controlled Variable: these variable can be controlled and prevented from being change like ty[pe of plant, type of soil
Independent Variable is what you change in an experiment. A Dependent Variable is what you’re trying to find out. Constants are what you keep that same. Control Group is the standards to which comparisons are made.
