This type of mutation is called somatic mutation. It usually happens in different cells of the body, but not in the eggs and sperms. These mutation may cause cancer and other illnesses, but it cannot be passed on to future offspring.
<h2>
<u>A</u><u>nswer:</u></h2>
<u>Translation:</u> process of protein formation is called translation .
In the process of translation, a cell reads information from a molecule called a messenger RNA and uses this information to build a protein. Translation involves “decoding” a messenger RNA and using its information to build a polypeptide, or chain of amino acids
.
Translation involve three major steps
• Initiation ("beginning"): in this stage, the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin.
• Elongation ("middle"): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a poly peptide chain.
•Termination ("end"): in the last stage of translation, the finished polypeptide is released to go and do its job in the cell.
<u>Organelles involve in translation:</u>
Ribosomes: main process of translation occour at ribosomes.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: ribosomes are located on rough endoplasmicreticulum .it bound proteins in the vesicles.Vesicles containing proteins are budded off into cytoplasm and move toward golgi apparatus for further modification .
Golgi apparatus: synthesisezed proteins are not functional . In golgi apperatus they are further modefied and processed and stored for a short time and then released toward destination.
Answer:
1. replication
2. gene
3. strand polarity
4. translation
5. complementary base pairing
6. chromosome
7. antiparallel
8. transcription
9. allele
Explanation:
1. Replication is the process by which DNA is duplicated or the process of making another copy of DNA.
2. Gene is the physical unit of heredity i.e a segment of DNA transferred from parents to offsprings. A gene also encodes a useful products such as protein.
3. A DNA strand is a polar molecule, which is attributed to the phosphate group at the 5'-end of DNA and the hydroxyl group at the 3'-end of DNA.
4. Translation is the process whereby the information in a mRNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein.
5. Complementary base pairing is a phenomenon whereby Adenine (A) binds to thymine (T), guanine (G) binds to cytosine (C).
6. A chromosome contains of single long molecule of DNA coiled together around histone proteins. The chromosome is associated with different types of proteins.
7. In the double-stranded DNA molecule, one strand runs from 5' to 3' and the other runs from 3' to 5'. This is called ANTIPARALLEL nature of DNA.
8. Transcription is the process by which a DNA molecule is used to synthesize a mRNA single strand.
9. Allele is the alternative or contrasting form of a gene. Each allele is contributed by each parent
I think it is D but I might be wrong !!! Hope I help !!
<span> the answer is commensalism</span>
