Answer:
increases; protein denaturation occurs
Explanation:
One of the characteristic of enzymes is the sensitivity to temperature .
Enzymes are sensitive to the changes in the environmental temperature.The enzymatic activities increases with increase in temperature,up to the optimum of 37 degrees in most animals.
However,once the optimum temperature has been exceeded,enzyme activities drops.This is because below optimum the rate of collision between the enzyme active sites and substrate molecules is very high,therefore more products are formed which increases the rate of reactions.
At temperature above the optimum,the high temperature breaks the bonds,especially the hydrogen bonds holding the 3D structure of the active sites.Therefore,substrate molecules can not fit into the active site,and therefore enzymatic actives of the enzyme is affected,and the enzyme is said to be denatured
One big reason for this is because individuals of the same species often have to fight over shared resources (this means shared food and shared environment).
Because they fight over a limited amount of space and food, competition between individuals within one species can be present and very tough.
On the other hand, having members of different species also possibly means different territories and different food sources. A lion has no quarrel with dolphins, while it can have a lot of fights with lions from different prides (large group of lions).
Answer: Substances that are protein based cannot cross the lipid cell membrane, but can exert their effect by binding to the proteins based receptors present on the lipid bilayer.
Explanation:
Hormones such as calcitonin , Parathyroid hormone and pituatry horomones are proteins and water soluble.They cannot cross lipid bilayer but can bind to ligand binding protein receptors.
These receptors are protein macromolecules that are specific in nature for specific hormones.
After binding to the receptors, these hormone-recpetor complexes activate second messengers and regulate the downstream effects.
Factors that influence the reaction rates of chemical reactions include theconcentration<span> of reactants, </span>temperature<span>, the physical state of reactants and their dispersion, the solvent, and the presence of a catalyst</span>
