Answer: C.
Jacob Burckhardt believe that Venice accumulate its great wealth and power due to the great military totalitarianism, which use to enforce its terms and defeat competitors. In addition, he is also known for his concepts that were stressed on individualism and secularism. He also revived antiquity and believe that the Reformation was the rebirth of culture.
I think it is the 3rd one
The Industrial Revolution created many jobs, however, working condition was horrible. Because of the reforms, jobs became more tolerable, people made more wages, and work hours were lower.
Donald Trump is the president of the United States. :(