Do you mean ion pumps in the membrane of cell?
If so, then ion pumps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
The influence of climate is due to basically two factors: temperature and rainfall. Climate indirectly affects soil formation through its influence on organisms as well. High temperatures and rainfall increase the degree of weathering and therefore the extent of soil development.
The correct answer is option c. the sensory receptors in the vestibular sacs.
The kinesthetic system is involved in the movement and the balancing of the body. The mechanoreceptors present in the inner ear helps in determining the balance and the maintenance of the postures.
The vestibular sac have utricle and saccule, which help in the detection of the changes in linear acceleration. The semilunar canal present in inner ear respond to angular moments
The method of the following issues that cause homeostatic imbalances:
1. Gallstones: The precipitation of excess bladder cholesterol into solid crystals is a prerequisite for cholesterol bladder formation, which is caused by disturbed bladder homeostasis. ... We have previously seen that bile and bladder osteopontin (OPN) levels are decreased in gallbladder patients.
2. Ulcers: Gastric bleeding is a major complication of peptic ulcer. Infection by H. Pylori leads to an imbalance of body iron homeostasis, as the increasing demand for iron is the same. Like other types of bacteria, iron is also essential for H growth.
3. Dehydration: If we are low on water, our bodies reduce the sweat and urine we produce to reduce fluid. Most of these reactions are effective under normal conditions and can restore water levels to homeostasis.
4. Diarrhoea: Bile acids, bacterial enterotoxins and neoplasm-derived secrets disrupt this homeostatic state, for example, leading to diarrhea. ... Different infectious organisms (eg bacteria, protozoa, viruses) use different mechanisms to cause intestinal infection and dysentery.
5. Cirrhosis: Disturbed volume homeostasis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. ... Patients with moderately developed cirrhosis often show a characteristic circulatory disturbance, including arterial hypotension and urinary sodium retention by the kidney, which may lead to edema and ascites.
6. Cancer: Cancer, in this example, breaks down in the balance between cell growth and cell death. The gene that over-expresses anti-apoptotic genes and rejects pro-apoptotic genes is not understood, and it is often unknown why homeostatic equilibrium is lost (perhaps another term for carcinogenesis).
The answer is passive transport. This type of transport requires no energy.
Hope that helped you.