Answer:
He could see it in full action
Explanation:
For any value of x, y=10.
So, the algebraic rule is

.
The value will never change.
Answer:
Was in risk of being overthrown.
Explanation:
Italy, Greece and France have never been under the Islamic Empire (or any Islamic rulers as far as I know).
Spain was under Islamic leaders for a long time and there was a period of re-conquista later, when the land was re-conquered by the Christians. And in 8th centrury Spain was in fact part of the Islamic Empire.