The years were 1837-1901 it was the era queen Victoria ruled and it was a long period of peace.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The changes to Chinese administration and bureaucracy that Song rulers introduced were the following.
The Song dynasty produced changes in ancient China. Its leaders were committed to work and develop notorious advancements such as the use of the compass for exploration, the use of gunpowder to wage war and other uses such as construction, and invested so much in the formation of its standing navy, culture, arts, education, literature, and philosophical studies. Confucianism had a second "fresh air" with the studies of philosophers such as Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi.
Bureaucracy was centralized under the Song dynasty and demanded its bureaucratic officials to work with virtue and high moral. Indeed, they had to pass difficult examinations and evaluations to be part of the Song bureaucratic system of government.
The Song dynasty started in 960 and ended in 1279.
Answer:
The Japanese don't have a president. Perhaps you are referring to the Prime Minister, in which case the first Japanese Prime Minister (in the modern sense, so excluding emperors) was Itō Hirobumi.
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