Foundation effect occurs when a small group of people from large population establishes a new colony causing the reduction of genetic variation. In the consquences, they may emphasize certain genes and phenotype or deemphasized them.
Example; There are higher cases of fumarase defeciency in population of member of fundamentalist church because of the practice of marying within the relegion.
The lithosphere contains all of the cold, hard solid land of the planet's crust (surface), the semi-solid land underneath the crust, and the liquid land near the center of the planet.
