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kakasveta [241]
2 years ago
9

The phenomenon that magnifies the variability in order quantities for goods as orders move through the supply-chain from the cus

tomer to the producer is called the bullwhip effect. True or False True False
Social Studies
1 answer:
GaryK [48]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

The bullwhip effect can be explained as an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance then the sales to the end customer. These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain. This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations.

CAUSES

There are many factors said to cause or contribute to the bullwhip effect in supply chains; the following list names a few:

1. Disorganization between each supply chain link; with ordering larger or smaller amounts of a product than is needed due to an over or under reaction to the supply chain beforehand.

2. Lack of communication between each link in the supply chain makes it difficult for processes to run smoothly. Managers can perceive a product demand quite differently within different links of the supply chain and therefore order different quantities.

3. Free return policies; customers may intentionally overstate demands due to shortages and then cancel when the supply becomes adequate again, without return forfeit retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders; resulting in excess material.

4. Order batching; companies may not immediately place an order with their supplier; often accumulating the demand first. Companies may order weekly or even monthly. This creates variability in the demand as there may for instance be a surge in demand at some stage followed by no demand after.

6. Price variations – special discounts and other cost changes can upset regular buying patterns; buyers want to take advantage on discounts offered during a short time period, this can cause uneven production and distorted demand information.

7. Demand information – relying on past demand information to estimate current demand information of a product does not take into account any fluctuations that may occur in demand over a period of time.

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Why do women constantly earn less that their male counterparts in a variety of professions.
neonofarm [45]

Answer:

Explanation: The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally considered to be paid less than men.

Reasons:

1.Discrimination

A 2015 meta-analysis of studies of experimental studies of gender in hiring found that "men were preferred for male-dominated jobs (i.e., gender-role congruity bias), whereas no strong preference for either gender was found for female-dominated or integrated jobs". A 2018 audit study found that high-achieving men are called back more frequently by employers than equally high-achieving women (at a rate of nearly 2-to-1).  

The European Commission divides discrimination, as it impacts the EU wage gap, into several categories.  

Direct discrimination is when a woman is paid less than a man for the same job. According to Harvard Economist, Claudia Goldin, by and large women receive equal pay for equal work in the US.[46] A more persistent difference is the sectoral or industry discrimination, with women being paid less for a job of equal value in careers dominated by women.

2.THE PROBLEM WITH “WOMEN’S WORK”

The roots of the gender pay gap can be traced all the way back to when women first took paid work. The type of work that women were typically allowed or encouraged to do was lower paid. These so-called “pink collar” jobs (often caring work like nursing, teaching, cleaning) have persisted in being lower paying than fields more typically filled by men (manufacturing, business, science). Yet the argument that women choose lower-paying fields falls apart when men enter these fields and are offered higher salaries, or when women break into the boys’ clubs of business or engineering yet are offered significantly lower wages. For example, male nurses earn about $5,100 more a year than female counterparts who hold similar positions.

3.Motherhood

Studies have shown that an increasing share of the gender pay gap over time is due to children. The phenomenon of lower wages due to childbearing has been termed the motherhood penalty. A 2019 study conducted in Germany found that women with children are discriminated against in the job market, whereas men with children are not. In contrast, a 2020 study in the Netherlands found little evidence for discrimination against women in hiring based on their parental status.  

Motherhood can affect job choices as well. In a traditional role, women are the ones who leave the workforce temporarily to take care of their children. As a result, women tend to take lower paying jobs because they are more likely to have more flexible timings compared to higher-paying jobs. Since women are more likely to work fewer hours than men, they have less experience,which will cause women to be behind in the work force.  

Another explanation of such gender pay gap is the distribution of housework. Couples who raise a child tend to designate the mother to do the larger share of housework and takes on the main responsibility of child care, and as a result women tend to have less time available for wage-earning. This reinforces the pay gap between male and female in the labor market, and now people are trapped in this self-reinforcing cycle.

4.Gender norms

Another social factor, which is related to the aforementioned one, is the socialization of individuals to adopt specific gender roles. Job choices influenced by socialization are often slotted in to "demand-side" decisions in frameworks of wage discrimination, rather than a result of extant labor market discrimination influencing job choice. Men that are in non-traditional job roles or jobs that are primarily seen as a women-focused jobs, such as nursing, have high enough job satisfaction that motivates the men to continue in these job fields despite criticism they may receive.  According to a 1998 study, in the eyes of some employees, women in middle management are perceived to lack the courage, leadership, and drive that male managers appear to have, despite female middle managers achieving results on par with their male counterparts in terms of successful projects and achieving results for their employing companies. These perceptions, along with the factors previously described in the article, contribute to the difficulty of women to ascend to the executive ranks when compared to men in similar positions.  Societal ideas of gender roles stem somewhat from media influences.Media portrays ideals of gender-specific roles off of which gender stereotypes are built.These stereotypes then translate to what types of work men and women can or should do. In this way, gender plays a mediating role in work discrimination, and women find themselves in positions that do not allow for the same advancements as males.  Some research suggests that women are more likely to volunteer for tasks that are less likely to help earn promotions,and that they are more likely to be asked to volunteer and more likely to say yes to such requests.

3 0
2 years ago
What two obstacles often prevent the normal ""checks and balances"" from keeping federal bureaucracy accountable? a. activist co
4vir4ik [10]

Answer:

c

Explanation:

iron triangles and advocacy interest groups

6 0
3 years ago
The local newspaper has an article explaining that a new herbal supplement has been shown to reduce fatigue. The research backin
oksano4ka [1.4K]

The flaw that is shown in the local newspaper article on the herbal supplement has the flaw of B. Correlational data used to suggest causation.

<h3>Why does correlation not equate to causation?</h3>

Correlation is not the same as causation and this means that just because two variables are occurring at the same time does not mean that one variable is causing the other. There could be extenuating circumstances involved.

In this case, there is no evidence that the herbal supplement is the reason why those who take it have less fatigue. There might be other factors such as those people take generally healthy food in general.

Find out more on correlation and causation at brainly.com/question/12479370

#SPJ1

3 0
1 year ago
Are you a monolingual or multilingual?
blsea [12.9K]

Answer:

Multilingual.

Explanation:

When I'm travelling I can understand what other people are saying(expands your communication skills) . And if a country is multicultural, where all speak several languages, you can go for interviews and talk in the language in which you're more comfortable. Being able to speak more than 2 languages makes you open-minded and expands your mind.

4 0
2 years ago
In ________ patrol, officers are given guidance on how to use their patrol time, which is often based on the results of crime an
Scrat [10]

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "Directed".

Explanation:

  • Directed patrol is a technique used throughout remote or troubled locations among law enforcement authorities to find a way to reduce either keep people safe.
  • This is sometimes made based on the results of the case or violence analysis which focuses on areas of issue.

Guidance is issued to either the officers or agents on using their patrol period. Therefore, it's the right answer.

8 0
2 years ago
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