<u>Passive chloride</u> and <u>GABA</u> are the channels through which chloride ions could pass into the cell.
<h3>What are chloride channels?</h3>
Ion channels are used by cells to regulate many cellular functions, from action potential conduction to water balance, which is sometimes achieved by using a single ion in the setting of different channels types.
Although ion channels are described as transmembrane proteins that have a “pore” which allows for the diffusion of specific ions across a concentration gradient, other channels involved in ion transport include antiporters (exchange), symporters (cotransport in the same direction) and pumps (use energy from hydrolysis of ATP).
Chloride channels are a remarkable example of this since they are involved in the control of transepithelial transport, membrane excitability, and the regulation of cell volume and intracellular and intraorganelle pH.
All of this is achievable by the use of the many different types of chloride channels, of which there are three major families: the voltage-gated chloride channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and related channels, and the ligand-gated channels activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.
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The electromagnetic radiation with the shortest frequency is MICROWAVES.
Electromagnetic spectrum refers to the distribution of electromagnetic radiations according to their frequency or wavelengths. Electromagnetic spectrum is made up of many type of radiation, which have different properties. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation refers to the number of wave cycle that is formed per second. The electromagnetic radiation with the highest frequency is gamma ray while the radiation with the shortest frequency is radio wave. For the question given above, the radiation with the shortest frequency is microwaves.
Answer:
Concentration gradient means difference in solute concentration among two regions of a solution.
Explanation:
When there is a difference in solute concentration in the two regions of a solution then the term concentration gradient is used .
Various membrane transport process such as passive transport(diffusion and osmosis),facilitate transport depends on concentration gradient of solute molecule in both sides of plasma membrane.
During passive and facilitate diffusion solute molecules are transported along their concentration gradient that means from high concentration region to the region of low concentration until equilibrium is being established.
Answer:
inherited traits that increase an organisms chance of survival , also determine an organisms niche
Explanation:
An adaptation is a variation , or genetic modification , that supports an organism , such as a plants or animals , endure in its environment