Answer: B
Explanation:
If glucose and arsenate are both added to the cell extract, at first glycolysis will start.
In step one of glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by hexokinase which splits the ATP into ADP, and the Pi is added on to the glucose.
In step 3 of glycolysis, fructose-6-phosphate is further phosphorylated to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The enzyme is phosphofructokinase. This again involves hydrolysis of another ATP molecule.
A total of two ATP is used.
Step 6 in glycolysis reaction which involves generation of 2 ATP's molecules is inhibited by arsenate. Hence all other glycolytic reaction would not take place. Therefore no ATP is produced and pyruvate is not produced also.
ATP level decreases because ATP is only used up but no ATP is gained from the inhibited pathway. Also the inhibition of the step 6 enzyme cut short the pathway and pyruvate the end product of the pathway is not formed.
Answer:
equirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and laying down procedures in matters of food safety (1). The Authority has its permanent seat in Parma, Italy. According to Article 28 (5) of the Regulation, the Authority's Scientific Committee and Scientific Panels are renewable every three years.
Explanation:
Hibernation helps animals survive the changing seasons. Foods that bears eat, such as berries and flowers, are much less available during cold winter months. When they hibernate, bears enter a deep sleep. ... While they sleep, the bears can survive because their bodies live off of their stored fat or food.
During hibernation, the animal’s body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate all drop to significantly lower levels. Animals do this to survive the winter because the weather is cold and food is scarce. It is advantageous because these animals can quite literally shut themselves off for weeks at a time rather than try and survive through harsh weather conditions.
While many people think bears are hibernators, they actually participate in a similar, though not exact, practice. Instead of hibernating, bears fall into a deep sleep called torpor. During torpor, heart rate and breathing rate decreases, body temperature reduces slightly and bears do not eat or release bodily waste. Bears can sleep more than 100 days without eating, drinking, or passing waste!
Bears sleep in dens that they make themselves, as well as in hollow trees, caves and dens built by other bears. A den can be built in 3–7 days, however, the timing of den building varies from bear to bear. While some bears build their dens months before hibernation season, others choose to excavate their dens.
These animals can dramatically drop their body temperature to below freezing—salty body fluids work to prevent tissue crystallization in particularly cold temperatures.
So really, animals that are true hibernators don’t actually sleep through the entire winter.
The urea produced by their fat metabolism is broken down and the nitrogen is re-used by the bear to rebuild protein.
Answer:
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. ... Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover.
