Are you talking about the colonial times? Basically, in the colonial times the English sought to establish new settlements in the places which today as a result have a big English-speaking white population ( so that's how you know they had establishments there)- so among others Northern America- today's USA and Canada and South Africa.
The second choice about the south
Answer: answer is 1
https://www.syvum.com/cgi/online/mult.cgi/exam/regents/earth_science/regents_earth_jan_2009.tdf?0
on that link go all the way down to score and answer and you will get all the answer to your work.
Answer:
C) Tree roots climb into cracks in rocks, causing pressure that splits the rock as the roots grow.