Jeffersonian democracy, named after its advocate Thomas Jefferson, was one of two dominant political outlooks and movements in the United States from the 1790s to the 1820s. The term was commonly used to refer to the Democratic-Republican Party (formally named the "Republican Party"), which Jefferson founded in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton. The Jeffersonians were deeply committed to American republicanism, which meant opposition to aristocracy of any form, opposition to corruption, and insistence on virtue, with a priority for the "yeoman farmer", "planters", and the "plain folk".
They were antagonistic to the aristocratic elitism of merchants, bankers, and manufacturers, distrusted factory workers, and were on the watch for supporters of the dreaded British system of government. Jeffersonian democracy persisted as an element of the Democratic Party into the early 20th century, as exemplified by the rise of Jacksonian democracy and the three presidential candidacies of William Jennings Bryan. Its themes continue to echo in the 21st century, particularly among the Libertarianand Republican parties.
At the beginning of the Jeffersonian era, only two states (Vermont and Kentucky) had established universal white male suffrage by abolishing property requirements. By the end of the period, more than half of the states had followed suit, including virtually all of the states in the Old Northwest. States then also moved on to allowing popular votes for presidential elections, canvassing voters in a more modern style. Jefferson's party, known today as the Democratic-Republican Party, was then in full control of the apparatus of government—from the state legislature and city hall to the White House
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In late 19th century/early 20th century, the United States had become a global power with interests - and investments - around the globe. It was a new status and it had was symbolized by the victory in the Spanish-American War. The US was strong, modern and industrialized and it could support a powerful army and the powerful navy advocated by naval strategist Alfred Thayer Mahan. The "big stick diplomacy" meant that the US could impose its preferred outcomes abroad by military force if it wanted to. It translated into military interventions in the Caribbean to bring order in troubled nations and prevent European intervention, anathema to the Monroe Doctrine.
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Athens developed a system that valued philosophy and active political involvement by its citizens in the early form of democracy and Sparta developed a militaristic system that valued physical training, military service, and they were a strict loyalty to the state.
