It's the result of crossing over.
When chromosomes cross over, they can exchange genes with sometimes results in a combination of phenotypes like the spotted kernels.
The unconjugated bilirubin collects in the child's liver and spleen, enters circulation, and then builds up in other tissues such as the eyes and skin. This buildup causes jaundice and eventually nerve and brain damage.
Rubbing your hands together on a cold day is kinetic energy into thermal energy