November 11 is, of course, Veterans' Day. Originally called "Armistice Day," it marked the ending of World War I in 1918. It also marked the beginning of an ambitious foreign policy plan by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. Known as the Fourteen Points, the plan—which ultimately failed—embodied many elements of what we today call "globalization."reat Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Turkey, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Russia all claimed territories around the globe. They also conducted elaborate espionage schemes against each other, they engaged in a continuous arms race, and they constructed a precarious system of military alliances.
Austria-Hungary laid claim to much of the Balkan region of Europe, including Serbia. When a Serbian rebel killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, a string of events forced the European nations to mobilize for war against each other.
The main combatants were:
The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Turkey The Entente Powers: France, Great Britain, Russia U.S. In The War The United States did not enter World War I until April 1917 but its list of grievances against warring Europe dated back to 1915. That year, a German submarine (or U-Boat) sank the British luxury steamer Lusitania, which carried 128 Americans.
Germany had already been violating American neutral rights; the United States, as a neutral in the war, wanted to trade with all belligerents. Germany saw any American trade with an entente power as helping their enemies. Great Britain and France also saw American trade that way, but they did not unleash submarine attacks on American shipping.
In early 1917, British intelligence intercepted a message from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico. The message invited Mexico to join the war on the side of Germany. Once involved, Mexico was to ignite war in the American southwest that would keep U.S. troops occupied and out of Europe. Once Germany had won the European war, it would then help Mexico retrieve land it had lost to the United States in the Mexican War, 1846-48.
The so-called Zimmerman Telegram was the last straw. The United States quickly declared war against Germany and her allies.
American troops did not arrive in France in any large numbers until late 1917. However, there were enough on hand to stop a German offensive in Spring 1918. Then, that fall, Americans led an allied offensive that flanked the German front in France, severing the German army's supply lines back to Germany.
Germany had no choice but to call for a cease-fire. The armistice went into effect at 11 a.m., on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918.
The Fourteen Points More than anything else, Woodrow Wilson saw himself as a diplomat. He had already rouged out the concept of the Fourteen Points to Congress and the American people months before the armistice.
The Fourteen Points included:
1. Open covenants of peace and transparent diplomacy. 2. Absolute freedom of the seas. 3. The removal of economic and trade barriers. 4. An end to arms races. 5. National self-determination to figure in adjustment of colonial claims. 6. Evacuation of all Russian territory. 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium. 8. All French territory restored. 9. Italian frontiers adjusted. 10. Austria-Hungary given "opportunity to autonomous development." 11. Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro evacuated and given independence. 12. Turkish portion of the Ottoman Empire should become sovereign; nations under Turkish rule should become autonomous; Dardanelles should be open to all. 13. Independent Poland with access to the sea should be created. 14. A "general association of nations" should be formed to guarantee political independence and territorial integrity to "great and small states alike." Points one through five attempted to eliminate the immediate causes of the war: imperialism, trade restrictions, arms races, secret treaties, and disregard of nationalist tendencies. Points six through 13 attempted to restore territories occupied during the war and set post-war boundaries, also based on national self-determination. In the 14th Point, Wilson envisioned a global organization to protect states and prevent future wars.
In the area of politics, women gained the right to control their earnings, own property, and, in the case of divorce, take custody of their children. By 1896, women had gained the right to vote in four states (Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah).
The Reformation (or more specifically the Protestant Reformation) led to A. "the division of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant faiths." This was brought about by Martin Luther.
"Feudal" or "medieval" Japan had a social structure that merged with social and economic hierarchies. The Emperor was the top of social logic, having absolute power over the kingdom. Shogun was the military and political leader. The Daimyos, military nobles, represented the Shoguns, but they were subjugated by those. Beneath them were the well-known Samurai, loyal to the shoguns and daimyos. They were professional warriors and had social prestige, even though they had no voice in political decision making. Below them were the Ronin, a kind of socially unimportant samurai, serving as bodyguards or mercenaries. Peasants, artisans, and merchants made up the rest of the classes, most of the Japanese population at the time, generally poor and without any political power, were the basis of society, which had a mobility that was virtually impossible to achieve.
Umm, Homer Plessy was a shoemaker who helped future generations of the Civil Rights Movement. He challenged the law by refusing to move from a seat for white ppl in 1896
