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Griots were a combination of advisors, historians, and entertainers charged with preserving rich oral traditions for future generations.
Answer: <u>Skinner</u>'s theory of <u>operant</u> conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a system that attempts to influence the strength of a behaviour by giving punishments or rewards. It was developed by B. F. Skinner in his 1938 book: <em>"The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis."</em>
The system can be divided in reinforcement, which is directed towards increasing the behaviour, or punishment, which tries to reduce it.
Both reinforcement and punishment can further be divided into positive (adding a stimulus) or negative (removing a stimulus).
Because the USA and other countries fear nuclear threats and are afraid they will bomb their country. This would result in war and use of more nuclear weapons which would kill many.
Answer:
The two characteristics of motivating operations are the value-altering effect, which alters the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, and the behavior-altering effect, which alters the current frequency of all behavior associated with that stimulus.
Explanation:
Motivating operations are environmental variables that explain the variations which are there in the effects in the result of behavior. It was introduced by 'Jack Michael'.
It changes the effectiveness of some stimulus or object that reinforces (value-altering effect), and changes the current frequency of behavior that is associated with that stimulus (behavior-altering effect).
Motivating operations are also divided as Establishing Operation which increases the current effectiveness and Abolishing Operation which decreases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.
