The initial assessment of bats suggested they lacked the ability to synthesize vitamin C (Birney, Jenness, and Ayaz 1976). However, several recent studies have shown that approximately two thirds of different bat species have functionally expressed GULO genes (Cui et al. 2011a; Cui et al. 2011b). The various bat taxon taxa that lack the ability to make vitamin C have varying levels of deletion degradation in their GULOgenes and the patterns of sequence variation show that they are lineage independent events. Trying to explain the discontinuous GULO deletion patterns within a common descent paradigm has produced a variety of difficult contradictions for a coherent model of bat<span> evolution </span>(Cui et al. 2011b).
Loss of vitamin C pathway function and GULO gene degradation has also been detected in guinea pigs, great apes, and humans (Lachapelle and Drouin 2011; Nishikimi, Kawai, and Yagi 1992; Nishikimi et al. 1994; Ohta and Nishikimi 1999). In addition, naturally occurring scurvy and osteogenic disease pathologies related to GULO inactivating mutations and large-scale deletions have been documented in rats, mice, and pigs (Harris et al. 2005; Hasan et al. 2004; Jiao et al. 2005; Kawai et al. 1992; Mohan et al. 2005). Thus, degradation of the GULO gene in a wide array of mammals and birds is a relatively common occurrence.
Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and the variations in temperature and moisture patterns that produce different weather conditions. Some of the major subjects of study are such phenomena as precipitation (rain and snow), thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes and typhoons.
They're assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum. It's the organelle where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, as well as proteins and other materials are exported from the cell.
Each kidney has nearly a million individual processing units called capillaries is false as the units are called nephrons.
<h3>
What are the nephrons?</h3>
Nephron, processing unit of the kidney, the shape that certainly produces urine withinside the procedure of doing away with waste and extra materials from the blood.
The nephrons paintings via a two-step procedure: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns wanted materials for your blood and eliminates wastes. Each nephron has a glomerulus to clear out out your blood and a tubule that returns wanted materials for your blood and pulls out extra wastes.
Read more about the kidney:
brainly.com/question/26062461
#SPJ2
