The differences between environmental science and ecology is:
environmental science is the study of how the environment interacts and operates while ecology is the study of the ecosystem, which is the relationship between the environment and living organism.
So the difference is that environmental science doesn't really emphasise relationship like ecology does.
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Which process is the most responsible for the increase in early Earth's atmospheric oxygen levels?
Photosynthesis
The right answer is A.
Plant species are particular in their ability to produce oxygen and carbohydrates through photosynthesis. The plant, just like the animals also needs to breathe so that these cells survive, so it is forced to take some of the oxygen and carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis to operate these cells through cellular respiration.