The movement of substances across the cell membrane either into or out of the cell
Answer:Biological structures are able to adapt their growth to external mechanical stimuli and impacts. For example, when plants are under external loads, such as wind force and self-weight, the overloaded zones are reinforced by local growth acceleration and the unloaded zones stop growing or even shrink. Such phenomena are recorded in the annual rings of trees. Through his observation of the stems of spruce, K. Metzger, a German forester and author, realized that the final goal of the adaptive growth exhibited by biological structures over time is to achieve uniform stress distribution within them. He published his discovery in 1893.12 A team of scientists at Karlsruhe Research Centre adopted Metzger's observations and developed them to one single design rule: the axiom of uniform stress. The methods derived from this rule are simple and brutally successful like nature itself. An excellent account of the uniform-stress axiom and the optimization methods derived from it is given by Claus Mattheck in his book ‘Design in Nature’.13 The present study utilizes one of these methods, stress-induced material transformation (SMT), to optimize the cavity shape of dental restorations.
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As light reflected from an external object enters the eye, it is refracted by the cornea, aqueous humour, the lens and vitreous humour so that an image is focused on the retina. The image is real, upside down and smaller than the object. The photoreceptor cells are stimulated by the reflected light and impulses are set off. The impulses are transmitted by neurons through the optic nerve to the optic region of the brain. The brain interprets the impulse as an upright impression of the object.
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Identifying the fossil is the first step. We have already identified this fossil as a clamshell. We know clam are from the sea, but if you didn't, you could conclude this from knowing where you found the fossil (likely near the beach). Discovering where it is can also lead you to a conclusion on it's arrival as a fossil, perhaps washed up on shore or buried by an animal.
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