The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.
Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov
Structure of DNA polymerase
The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.
Answer:
The professor Bonefinder has made a mistake.
Explanation:
I't is true the Hominoid had a long snout, a large orbits that are partially enclosed, but they have no tail. This point is really critical because the morphology of an species is really important. The taxonomists use the information that morphology gave for many years to identify species, nowadays with molecular techniques some of those species are pulled apart, but the important matter is that hominoids had no tail.
So the professor Bonefinder analysis is incorrect because the hominoids have no tail.
Answer:
Recessive alleles are denoted by a lowercase letter (a versus A). Only individuals with an aa genotype will express a recessive trait; therefore, offspring must receive one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.
Explanation: Is this what you were looking for?
Answer:
The conditions that would cause a molecule to diffuse from outside to inside of a structure is a higher concentration of that molecule outside and the presence of a semipermeable membrane that facilitates its passage.
Explanation:
The process by which a molecule passes from a place where it is more concentrated where its concentration is lower - crossing a semipermeable membrane - is called simple diffusion.
<u>Simple diffusion is a mechanism that does not require energy and responds to a concentration gradient</u>. When a molecule is more concentrated in a space it can enter the space where it is less concentrated
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The cell membrane is an example of a semi-permeable membrane where the simple diffusion process occurs.
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Simple diffusion brainly.com/question/1798156
Hi there!
Active Transport - Through the use of ATP, active transport pumps molecules against a particular concentration gradient. Active transport occurs from a low concentration solute and moves to a high concentration of solute. Two examples of active transport would be endocytosis and exocytosis.
Passive Transport - Active transport is the movement of molecules down a gradient. Unlike passive transport, it goes from high to low concentration and does not require energy (such as cellular energy). Some examples would be osmosis and diffusion.
I hope this helped!
