We have to exclude all the monarchies from this, even the constitutional monarchies. These are: United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
This leaves us with c as the correct answer!
Ps. I can't answer the second question since you forgot the question
The interesting this about the people oft he Ancient Indus Valley is that the people seem to have just disappeared, and historians and archeologists cannot figure out what happened.
The answer is D because when it happened banks closed