I think it started because hitler wanted to conquer all of germany and other countrys but the USA and other country apealed
Generally speaking, it would be "civil rights" that people gain as part of living under an organized government, although of course this depends greatly on the government in question.
I think the answer is : A they encouraged all monks t become hermits in the desert.
The main philosophy is to understand the pain of the Chosen people that wander in the desert for 40 years
hope this helps