The European countries that became <em>mostly protestant</em> are predominantly from Northern Europe like Latvia, Finland, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Denmark; the religious map of Europe has changed remarkably little since the Reformation. Germany, for example, is a mainly a Protestant country, because of its leading role in the Reformation. On the other hand, the Reformation gained no lasting hold in Spain or Italy (with Rome that is the spiritual heart of the Roman Catholic religion.) that remained mostly Catholic, as did Portugal, Ireland, France, Belgium, Austria, etc.
