Answer:
I believe Volkswagen did not fulfill the requirements of effective corporate governance mainly because the board didn’t have enough independent directors present.
The essential driver is the nonappearance of a solid gathering of independent directors. In view of German Corporate law, administration is given by a Management Board and a Supervisory Board, with representatives making up half of the Supervisory Board. This ought to have took into consideration in any event half of the Supervisory Board to be completely independent. While remaining inside the 'letter of the law,' they evaded the 'spirit of the law' by cycling recent former senior executives through the Supervisory Board Chairmanship position and other board positions. This had the impact of expelling genuinely independent oversight.
To select the next board members and avoid any future issues Volkswagen can keep in mind the following things about the board that it is :
Is well informed about the company’s performance.
Guides and judges the CEO and other top executives.
Has the courage to curb management actions the board believes are inappropriate or unduly risky.
Certifies to shareholders that the CEO is doing what the board expects.
Provides insight and advice to management.
Is intensely involved in debating the pros and cons of key decisions and actions
Explanation:
The amount of compensation expense Crane should record for 2017 under the fair value method is $207000
<u>Solution:</u>
From the given,
Stock options for 63000 shares
$10 par value common stock
$25 per share and the option price was $20
Total compensation expense = $627000
On calculating we get,
We can conclude that there is $207,000 decrease. Therefore, the correct answer is option c.
<u>Measures of dispersion are often used in finance as a proxy for risk:</u>
Measures of dispersion are generally used to describe the variability in sample. The three commonly used measures of dispersion are as follows,
- Interquartile range - Difference between the and percentile (also known as the and quartile). The formula is
- Range - Difference between the largest and smallest observation. The formula is
- Standard deviation - SD is the square root of sum of squared deviation from the mean divided by the number of observations. The formula is as follows,
Appropriate usage of measures of dispersion:
Median and interquartile range is used for skewed numerical data, ordinal data or mean. When mean is utilized as a measure of central tendency or symmetric numerical data, SD is used.
Usage in finance:
In finance, the Regression analysis technique helps in explaining the dispersion of dependent variable, that is measured by its variance, with the help of one or more independent variables each of which has positive dispersion. This proves to be a proxy for risk.
Answer:
A) The use of both techniques ( i.e. questionnaire and Interview )
B) The sampling method should include an equal number of workers from each shift, this is to ensure that every shift's opinion is broadly covered.
Explanation:
A) The best approach in resolving this problem is the application of both questionnaires and interviews, this is because the questions will be covered in both the questionnaire and interview therefore a more detailed/accurate answer can be gotten by combining both processes
B) The sampling method should include an equal number of workers from each shift, this is to ensure that every shift's opinion is broadly covered.
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