The two fields of study<span> the </span>principles of biomechanics come from<span>physics and engineering. </span>Biomechanics studies<span> mechanical laws and living ..</span>
Bacterial conjugation is the bacterial counterpart of sexual reproduction. Also known as horizontal gene transfer, it involves the transfer of genetic material from one F+ or Hfr bacterium to another F+ or F- bacterium.
The F or fertility factor is a crucial component of the bacterial plasmid and it accounts for the development of sex pili which are important for conjugation. An F+ cells contains the F-factor incorporated into its plasmid, whereas an F- cell lacks the F-factor and therefore cannot participate in conjugation.
Conjugation between an F+ and F- cell can result in the transfer of the F-factor to the F- bacterium.
An Hfr bacterium contains F-factor incorporated into its circular genome.
<span>Isometric muscular contractions do not change the length of the muscle they are responsible for movement. Isotonic muscular contractions will lengthen or shorten the muscle. Concentric contractions shorten the muscle. Eccentric contractions lengthen the muscle.</span>
