The cellular organization relates with one another since the colossal cell, the organ system is fundamentally composed of cells. Cells are the building blocks of these structures and which creates such organ and organ system. They associate as one cell intercommunicates with another cell until all received the message and translates it and sends it with another organ and to cell -vice-versa. And also, they become interdependent with the other cell -other tissue -other organs -other organ system.
Cells when grouped form tissues, when group of tissues are formed together they make organs, some organisms skip from organs to organs systems to form an existing organism as a whole. Describing how is the cells group is the process of multiplication of cell or the so-called cell division, mitosis.This mechanism of each cell produces another cell that binds together and produces again, repeatedly, to be a larger system called now the tissue as explained earlier. How? Through cell division called, mitosis. Excerptmeiosis –cell division specifically in the sex cells.<span> </span>
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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<em>The kidneys act as very efficient filters for ridding the body of waste and toxic substances, and returning vitamins, amino acids, glucose, hormones and other vital substances into the bloodstream. The kidneys receive a high blood flow and this is filtered by very specialised blood vessels.</em>
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C. <u>Secondary</u> sex characteristics include; increased fat deposits in *Breasts, thighs, & butt for females.* & *Penis & butt for males* and more.
