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7) During 1750-1900, people from around the world challenged established government structures, and this led to a great deal of political, economic, and social change. For many of the following Revolutions, Enlightenment ideas directly influenced their advent.
8) Japan- By the early 1900's, Japan had become one of the Great Powers and won a war against the Russian as well as the Chinese, and ultimately were able to take control of Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria.
9) Portugal was never very big. Spain's decline began in the 17th century, mainly caused by them losing a struggle with France under Louis XIV. Both were weakened by sticking to a very narrow version of Roman Catholicism, and not valuing education.
10) Settler colonial states include Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa, and settler colonial theory has been important to understanding conflicts in places like Israel, Kenya, and Argentina, and in tracing the colonial legacies of empires that engaged in the widespread foundation of settlement colonies.
11) The Cape Colony was the only settler colony of the early modern period in which the settlers not only permanently remained in the minority, but they even became increasingly outnumbered with the expansion of the colony. Europeans were only able to settle in the malaria-free uplands of southern and eastern Africa.
The board district won the case. The Supreme Court stated that suspicionless drug testing of students participating in competitive extracurricular activities did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Public schools now have the right to conduct mandatory drug testing if they wish to participate in a sport.
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The nobility in France enjoyed special privileges over the peasants during the late 1700s. Although most French peasants were ostensibly free, they still had to pay feudal dues. They owed the corvee, which was forced labor on public works projects such as roads and bridges. Peasants also had weak property rights with the capitaineries feudal dues that allowed the nobles to destroy peasant lands in pursuit of their own goals. The nobility did not have to pay taxes but enjoyed many advantages on the backs of the peasants doing forced labor.
The Pacific Railroad<span> Act chartered the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific </span>Railroad<span>Companies, and tasked them with building a </span>transcontinental railroad<span> that would link the United States from east to west. ... This affected the Native Americans in a negative way because the Native Americans used buffalo for many things.</span>
Slavery in the Aztec Empire was very different from what Europeans of the same period established in their colonies. Aztec slavery was personal, not hereditary. A slave's children were free. The slave could have possessions and even own other slaves. Slaves could buy their liberty, and could be set free if they were able to show they had been mistreated or if they had children with or were married to their masters.
Typically, upon the death of their owner, slaves who had performed outstanding services were freed, while the rest were passed on as part of the inheritance.
