A geneticist discovers a new mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that causes the flies to shake and quiver. She calls this mutat
ion quiver (qu) and determines that it is due to an autosomal recessive gene. She wants to determine if the gene encoding quiver is linked to the recessive gene for vestigial wings (vg). She crosses a fly homozygous for quiver and vestigial traits with a fly homozygous for the wild-type traits and then uses the resulting F1 females in a testcross. She obtains the following flies from this testcross. vg+ sps+ 230
vg sps 224
vg sps+ 97
vg+ sps 99
total 650
1. Are the genes that cause vestigial wings and the spastic mutation linked?
2. Do a chi-square test of independence to determine whether the genes have assorted independently.
3. List the chi-square value, degree of freedom, P value, and whether you accept or reject the hypothesis of independent assortment.
Nearsightedness can also be caused by the cornea and/or lens being too curved for the length of the eyeball. In some cases, myopia occurs due to a combination of these factor