All the nerve processes radiating out beyond the brain and spinal cord, as well as all the neurons outside the brain and spinal cord, constitute the peripheral nervous system. 
Spinal cord is the backbone present in the vertebrates. It is essential for the correct posture and erect body. It extends from the end of the brain till the hipbone. The spinal cord consists of total 5 types of bones called vertebrae, that are total 33 in number.
Peripheral nervous system consists of parts of nervous system outside the brain and the spinal cord. It involves cranial and spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. 
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Bottleneck Effect where there is a steady decrease over time
        
             
        
        
        
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Explanation:
Wave generators harness the power of breaking waves which are disturbances that transmits energy to produce electric power for homes and industries. 
This energy source is choice by many because it is environmentally friendly. 
Here are some of the disadvantages; 
-   Threats to marine ecosystem especially those organisms that resides on the continental shelf where most these generators are installed. 
- It can pose serious damage to the beach natural outlook as energy waves can be periodically discharged. 
- Disruption of ships and vessels that might dock near the beach. 
- Noise pollution generated by the plant is undesirable. 
- The seasonality of waves might cause fluctuations in power generation.  
 
        
             
        
        
        
Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream, and gets rid of carbon dioxide from the blood. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a group of capillaries.