Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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Phosphorus is usually a limiting factor or element.
<h3>Is phosphorus a limiting element or factor?</h3>
Phosphorus is usually considered a limiting factor or nutrient in aquatic ecosystems, meaning that the available quantity of this nutrient controls the pace at which algae and aquatic plants are produced.
In other words, phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms. Its supply is usually small compared to available aquatic organisms.
Thus, Phosphorus is usually a limiting factor or element.
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Recessive alleles. Recessive alleles are only expressed phenotypically when the offspring receive recessive genes from each parent. In other words they are only expressed phenotypically when they occur in pairs. In the presence of dominant gene they are never expressed phenotypically and the offsprings with both the recessive and dominant genes occurring concurrently are referred to as carriers.
Hypnosis is used as an alternative treatment to relieve pain, stress , depression, panic , Gi influx etc.
Some concern in the use of hypnosis for any treatment areincomplete waking up of the patient, Appearance of new symptoms, mental trauma due to recaptulation of some memories, misuse of dependence of the patient by the hypnotist etc.
Explanation:
- Hypnosis involves the method of focusing the subjects mind on a particular thing in a way so that he gets diverted from the surroundings and peripheral stimulus.
- This relieves stress and pain in patients so that a medicine gets its time to act.
- Hypnosis has been legalised but there are certain ethical and psycological concerns about it.
