Hi
Below are five major steps of DNA or gene cloning:
1: You chose the gene or specific piece of DNA you need to clone and cut the gene with restriction enzymes from the source organism.
2: You need to choose a vector for the process of cloning and you will cut the vector with same restriction enzymes through which you have cut your target DNA sequence to be inserted into the vector.
3: You place the target gene into the vector and join or seal the gene with vector by using an enzyme called DNA ligase.
4: You introduce the vector with your target gene into a suitable host organism such as yeast or bacteria through the process of Transformation. In this process host organism takes up the vector containing your target gene and starts replicating the target DNA along with their own DNA and thus creating millions of copies of target gene .
5: In the last step, the DNA or target gene is isolated from host organism and purified and is ready to be used since its quantity has been enormously increased through the process of cloning.
The cloning is also called as recombinant DNA technology and is the main process that is being used in the production of insulin for diabetes patients. You can see below image for better understanding.
Hope it help!
Answer:
B) Post-zygotic factors prevented successful reproduction.
Explanation:
Postzygotic factors may influence the formation of the fertile offspring.
The postzygotic barriers basically involves the formation of the hybrid organisms which do not survive past the embryonic stages i-e hybrid inviability / the hybrid creation that is unable to form the offspring i-e sterile.
So , in the given scenario option B )Post-zygotic factors prevented successful reproduction is the right answer .
D.
Selective breeding
In selective breeding, the desired genes from one organism are combined with genes of another organism, resulting in a new combination of genes.
<span>The selective breeding is quite voluntary and is not necessarily natural or congenital. It is the act of how people or individuals can choose traits in the gene pool of their choice to produce their desired or goal organism in the process. This trait is influenced in the host of the specific sperm and egg cell which makes up the chromosomes. </span>
I think The second step of cellular respiration is the Kreb's cycle and it occurs in mitochondrial matrix.
First step of cellular respiration is glycolysis and it occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
I am not really confident about my answer.
If I am wrong please correct me. <span />
