Answer:
(D). Disaccharide.
Explanation:
A disaccharide can be defined as a molecule, made up of two monosaccharides. To form a disaccharide, two monosaccharides join together with the help of an O-glycosodic bond between them.
Sucrose is an example of disaccharide, which is made up by joining of fructose and glucose molecules.
Mammals is the type of organism that least naturally
reproduced by cloning. Mammals reproduced by Sexual reproduction typically
requires the sexual interaction of two specialized organisms, called gametes,
which contain half the number of chromosomes of normal cells and are made by
meiosis, which usually a male fertilizing a female.
A prothallium, or prothallus<span> is usually the </span>gametophyte<span> stage in the life of a </span>fern<span> or other pteridophyte. Occasionally the term is also used to describe the young </span>gametophyte<span> of a liverwort or peat moss as well.</span>
Answer: The downstream components will be altered and ultimately affect production of glucose.
Explanation: Epinephrine is a hormone that belongs to a class of biomolecules called catecholamines. When it reaches the target cell it binds to a receptor that is connected to an enzyme called adenylate cyclase that converts ATP into cAMP(cyclic adenosine monophosphate). cAMP plays an important role in the phosphorylation of proteins which alters their activity. In this case the activity of the enzyme that hydrolyses glycogen to glucose. When caffeine blocks the activity of cAMP it ultimately inhibits the action of the downstream components.